V gorbatchewsky



p 1934. A. GORBATCHEWSKY 1,974,239

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 26, 1.930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1

//V V[ N 70/? A/ex/S Gorba/che ws/ry ,4 Nor/72y p 3 A. GORBATCHEWSKY 9 9CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 26, 1930 2 Shee'tsheec 2 Patented Sept.18, 1934 CALCULATING MACHINE Alexis Gorbatchewsky, Virofiay, FranceApplication May 26, 1930, Serial No. 455,777 In Czechoslovakia July 28,1929 3 Claims.

This invention relates to a calculating machine which may be used aswell for addition and subtraction as for multiplication and division.

My invention comprises the combination of two mechanisms which allow themachine to be used separately for addition and subtraction and formultiplication and division.

A preferred form of an embodiment of the machine according to myinvention has been shown by way of example in the accompanying drawingsin which:

Fig. l is a plan View, the cover having been removed,

Fig. 2 shows a front elevation of the machine in the part of the samemore particularly devised for addition and subtraction, a part of themachine being shown in vertical section,

Fig. 3 is an end view of the machine viewed from the left part of Fig.1,

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 44 of Fig. 1 showing a vertical sectionof the multiplying mechanism, the mechanism for addition and subtractionbeing not shown,

Fig. 5 is a detail of the mechanism for addition,

Fig. 6 shows a cross section along the line 66 (Fig. 1),

Fig. '7 is a cross section along the line 7-7 (Fig. 1),

Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section of the mechanism for addition.

In a casing 1 is located a small shaft 2 which is provided with handcontrolling hubs 3 arranged on both its left end and right end. Saidshaft 2 carries a small drum 4, the periphery of which is provided withfigures from 0 to 9. It is, however, possible to manufacture machineshaving a larger number of figures;

Arranged on the shaft 2 is a detent disc 5 provided with an elasticdetent 6 which secures the shaft 2 in adjusted position.

Keyed on the shaft '2 are small tooth-wheels 7 which mesh with the teeth8 forming a double rack carried by the frame 9 which is movable in adirection at right angles with the longitudinal axis of the machine.Frame 9 carries a movable slide 11 which is guided by means oflongitudinal edges 10 with interposition of rolls 12 each comprising acircular rib 12, the slide 11 is provided with a hand lever 13 and itmay be locked on the frame 9 by means of a bolt 15 provided with aspring 16 and which is forced into a recess 14 of the frame 9.

Slide 11 is provided on its upper part with windows 17, 18 and 19, eachwindow 17 corresponding with a pair of elongated windows 18-19. Smallrolls or drums 20 are located under the windows l7 and 18, while thewindows 19 allow figures carried on cylinder 21 to appear, thearrangement being such that the axes of the cylinders are at rightangles with the controlling shaft 2.

The cylinders 20 are controlled from outside the casing 11 by means ofknobs 22. The transfer of the tens on the cylinders provided Wth tenfigures on their peripheries is effected by means of toothed-wheels232425. The control of discs or Wheels 23 and 24 is made by means ofdisc 25 which is provided with a locking wheel 26 and a detent spring27, such arrangement being devised for securing the several wheels in adefinite position.

Windows 17 are to display the multiplicand and the figures showing suchmultiplicand may have a conveniently difierent colour. Another set offigures on the cylinders 2021 show the result of the operation betweenmultiplicand and multiplier. The registration of the figure of themultiplier upon the cylinder 4 is effected by means of knob 3 which,through the pinion 7 meshing with the rack 8 controls the position ofthe casing 11 in the direction perpendicular to the shaft 2.

The figure relative to the multiplier appears in an opening 28 while theresult of the operation is visible in openings 29-29. The openings 29are arranged in such a manner as to be common for two adjacent cylinders20-21 (Fig. 1).

The result obtained on the groups of cylinders is manually transferredto the device 30 for addition, which device is provided on the cover 31.The adding device is located in a recess 32 of the cover 31 and islocked in a convenient position by means of screws 33 which retain bymeans of key hole slots 34. Levers 35 are pivoted on cover 31 andengaged on knobs 36 of the adding device 30.

Such adding device is provided with a metallic cover 37 which hascircular openings 38 which allow the corresponding discs to be rotatedaround axes 39. The edges of said openings 38 carry figures from 1 to 9.The cover 37 is pierced with openings 40 for the inspection of figurescarried by discs 41, which discs carry numbers from 0 to 9. Such discsare pivoted on pins 42. The pivots 39 are parallel with pins 42: pivots39 are carried by the upper part of casing 37 while pins 42 are solidwith the bottom part of adding device 30.

Located under apertures 38 are fiat discs 43 with recesses 44 andprovided each with One tooth 45. The recesses 44 are for receiving thetip of the finger or an implement used in setting the discs. Said tooth45 is symmetrically arranged on every fiat disc 43 in order to be inposition to mesh on both its sides. Each disc 43 pivoted on axis 39 isin mesh on the one hand with disc 46 having narrow teeth 47 and pivotedon pins 42; on the other hand said disc 43 is in mesh with disc 48pivoted on the adjacent pin 42; said disc 48 is provided with notches 48which receive the tooth 45.

Pins 42 receive dials 41 and discs 46 and 48 which are rotated togetherwhile pins 39 carry discs 43 which are arranged at a diiferent heightaccording to dial 48 being under orabove disc 46-.

The movement of dial 43, effected by the finger of the operator insertedin the opening 44 is transmitted to the disc which is located on theright of the same and pivoted on pin 42 while the transfer of tens isaccomplished by means of the tooth '45 which is arranged so as to allowdisc 43 to rotate backwards for eventually correcting the figures or forbringing the machine to initial position after a subtraction; the teethsimultaneously are in mesh with the discs located on the left hand sideand rotating on pins 42.

The device is reset by means of teeth'50' of a rack 50 coacting withtoother wheels 49 on the pins 42, by which not only disc 41, but alsodisc 43 bring their figures 0 under the corresponding window. Movementof the rack is eifected by pressure applied to a lug 51 thereof, therack being guided by means of slots 5 2 sliding upon pins 53. Wheels 49are provided with teeth on a part only of their peripheries.

The operation is as follows:

The machine shown by the drawings has been devised for numbers of fivefigures, though it is possible to build machines receiving a largernumber of figures. The number is registrated on the machine from rightto left by means of knobs 22 so that such number may be read throughwindows 17. The knob 3 is afterwards rotated for making the multiplierappear through window 28 (Figs. 2 and 3) the result of'the operation isvisible throughwindows 29 and '29.

As will be understood, each aperture 29 is for one order only, i. e.,units, tens. Thus, for example, the 2, 2 shown in aperture 29 in Fig. 1are each two hundreds and are to be added as '2+2:4 which is 400 in thisorder. The slide 11 is brought to proper position by means of the handlever 13 and in order to avoid having to add mentally the numbers on thedrums 20 and 21 which appear in a common window 29,-such numbers aretransmitted in their normal order tothe adding device 30.

In order to render the device clearer, lines 54 are arranged upon thecover 31. The position of the device is secured in the first twoinstances by means of the springs 6 and 27 while in the second instance,slide 11 is secured by means of bolt 15 which enters the recess 14. Theresult of dials 43 is afterwards transmitted from right to left of theadding device 30: the result appears through windows 40. Themultiplication andad- 'dition may'afterwards be continued or resumed asabove described.

In order that the underlying feature of the in- I commence by making thepartial product of 358 3 which may be written This partial product isobtained on a special device comprising the first windows 29 from theright (Fig. 1) the product 8 3=24 comprises two figures, the figure ofthe units 4 which will be seen in the first window 29 from the right,the figure of the tens which will be seen in the second of said windows29. The product 5 3=l5 comprises a figure of the units 5 which will beseen in the second window, and a figure of the tens 1 which will be seenin the third window. It is obvious that the two figures 5 and 2, seen inthe second window, are both figures of the tens.

Now the machine is constructed in such a manner that the second windowis situated opposite the device of "the adding mechanism correspondingto the tens, say opposite the second (from the right) of the totalizingwheel 39. The numbers 2 and 5 are added successively on the said wheel.The numbers appearing in the third window are added on the third wheeland so on. In order to obtain the product 358 by 2 which is the figureof the tens in the multiplier, the first window 29 must be previouslybrought in front of the second of the wheels 39, the second window 29 infront of the third wheel and so on.

v The figures of the new partial products appearing in the windows areagain added by means of the totalizing wheels. 1

In order to' perform division I proceed as follows: I actuate the wheels38 in such a way that the figures of the dividend appear in the windows40, the first figure from the left of said dividend appearing say in thesecond window from the left, the second figure in the third window andso on, I then rotate the drums 22 so as to let the figures of thedivisor appear the windows 17, I then actuate the knob '3 in order tolet appear in the windows 29 the greatest number smaller than thedividend; the figure appearing then in the window 28 is the first figureof the quotient.

I substract now the number appearing in the windows 29 from thedividend, after 'I move the slide 11 towards the right and repeat thesame operation until the division is entirely performed.

Said device may be used for subtraction by rotating dials 43 backwardsand using the figures located inside the slot 38. 'The result appearsanew through window 40.

The machine maybe used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, eithersimultaneously or separately. Should the device be used only foraddition, the adding device 30 could be removed by disengaging levers35.

The distances apart of axes 39 and 42 are equal. Consequently thetransfer may be effected very precisely and without the aid 'of springswhich have only to secure the device in position. Discs 46 are heldagainst accidental displacement by means of springs 55; the latter 40are arranged in a position to engage with teeth 47 of discs46. 2 V V Theconstruction of the device as well as the arrangements shown inthedrawings could be varied or modified without departing from the.scope of the invention.

What I claim is: 7

1. A calculating machine for eifecting the multiplicationof two numbersof several figures and other elementary operations, comprising an-vadding mechanism having totalizing wheels one' for each unit rowarranged in line and equidistant, a mechanism for multiplying one numberof several figures by a number of one figure having means for causinggroups of two figures to appear together with line positions and thesame equidistance as the wheels of the adding device, the two figures inthe same unit row of the successive products of each figure of themultiplicand by the figure of the multiplier, and connecting meansbetween the adding mechanism and the multiplying mechanism adapted fordisplacing the multiplying mechanism relative to the adding mechanismfor bringing the positions of the groups of two figures successively infront of the various totalizing wheels.

2. A calculating machine including, in combination, a multiplyingmechanism comprising several pairs of juxtaposed calculating cylinders,a connection between the cylinders of each pair, a knob with figures 0to 9 for the control of the said connection on the two cylinders of onepair,

the figures of the successive products by 0 to 9 of the figures from 0to 9 being so arranged that when the said control knob is in theposition corresponding to a figure of the multiplicand, the products by0 to 9 of this figure of the multiplicand appear on the uppergeneratrices of the two cylinders, the figure of single units on theright cylinder and the figure of tens on the left cylinder.

3. A calculating machine according to claim 1, characterized in thatsaid multiplying mechanism comprises a fixed frame supporting the addingmechanism, a cover in the said frame, windows on the said cover one foreach unit row and arranged in front of the totalizing wheels of theadding mechanism, a slide with pairs of calculating cylinders thereinmovable in one direction with respect to said Windows, means fordisplacing said slide in a second direction, and means for indicatingthe position of said slide in its movement in the second direction.

ALEXIS GORBATCHEWSKY.

